{"id":876,"date":"2022-04-07T18:14:27","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kylelv.com\/?p=876"},"modified":"2022-04-07T18:14:27","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:14:27","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%a6%82%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.kylelv.com\/?p=876","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u6c42\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5230\u901a\u4fe1\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69fddf0abfe4c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 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title=\"\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\">\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.kylelv.com\/?p=876\/#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94\" title=\"\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\">\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.kylelv.com\/?p=876\/#Internet\" title=\"Internet\">Internet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.kylelv.com\/?p=876\/#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8\" title=\"\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.kylelv.com\/?p=876\/#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4\" title=\"\u7f51\u7edc\u7ef4\u62a4\">\u7f51\u7edc\u7ef4\u62a4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 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class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u5c42\u9762\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5411\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u5c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5404\u5c42\u548c\u5c42\u95f4\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u540c\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u5bf9\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u5c42\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u90ae\u5feb\u9012\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u90ae\u9012\u5458\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u90ae\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u5fc3\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u90ae\u9012\u5458\u4f1a\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u90ae\u9012\u5458\u4f1a\u5c06\u5305\u88f9\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5feb\u9012\u70b9\uff0c\u5feb\u9012\u70b9\u53c8\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u8f6c\u8fd0\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u8f6c\u8fd0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u53d1\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u518d\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u5feb\u9012\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u5feb\u9012\u5458\u6d3e\u9001\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u8d1f\u8d23\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8f6c\u8fd0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5feb\u9012\u5458\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5feb\u9012\u5458\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u54ea\u8f86\u8f66\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4e5f\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f80\u5e74\u4ee3\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86OSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5c42\u6b21\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c42\u6b21\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u5bf9\u5e94\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5230\u4e8690\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u9645\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6253\u5305\uff0c\u505a\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u89e3\u6790\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u5c01\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u505a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u89c4\u5b9a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86http\uff0cftp\uff0cmstp\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57(socket)\u6765\u63a5\u6536\/\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528ip\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4e2d\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94\"><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054<span 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet\"><\/span>Internet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1aC\/S\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1bB\/S\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684C\/S\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684C\/S\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528http\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1bP2P\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u91c7\u7528\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u8fbe\u5230\u5171\u4eab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet\u7f16\u5740\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u57df\u540d\u5730\u5740\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u540c\u6837\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u7684\u662f\u57df\u540d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u57df\u540d\u5c31\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u9700\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ip\u4e0e\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u800c\u8a00\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7tcp\/ip\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u57df\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94ip\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u9700\u8981DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0cdns\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7531\u57df\u540d\u5730\u5740\u9006\u5e8f\u6784\u6210\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982www.pku.edu.cn\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7531\u5168\u7403\u90e8\u7f72\u6570\u53f0\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790.cn\u540e\u7f00DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee.cn\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6edu.cn\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97pku.edu.cn\u7684dns\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684ip\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7535\u8111\u5b58\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u7684DNS\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684DNS\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2aip\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aip\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684ip\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86ip\uff0c\u7535\u8111\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u4fe1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u4e86\u89e3ip\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5ipv4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c0632\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u6309\u56fa\u5b9aip\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u4e3a5\u7c7bABCDE\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f9d\u6b21\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u6765\u6784\u621032\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u522b\u4f9d\u6b21\u5f80\u540e\u6240\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2a\u6570\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8be5\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u5c06ip\u5730\u5740\u5206\u5c42\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u6309\u7167\u5927\u7c7b\u5206\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u540c\u6837\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06ip\u524d\u51e0\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4f4d\u4efb\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2aip\u6bb5\u5212\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u56fa\u5b9ak\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u524dk\u4f4d\u5c31\u662f1\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u662f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684ip\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u505a\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7f51\u5173ip\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5e72\u7f51\u4e0a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5757\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5757\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\u4f7f\u5f97\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee(\u4e00\u4e2aCIDR\u5730\u5740\u5757)\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u539f\u6765\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u5c31\u5229\u7528CIDR\u5730\u5740\u5757\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2aInternet\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\u548c\u201c\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u201d \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff08CIDR\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u201cIP\u5730\u5740\/\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u6570\u201d<br>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u6700\u957f\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5229\u7528Mac\u5730\u5740\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94ip\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8\"><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5206\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u622a\u83b7\uff08\u9632\u8303\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\uff09\uff1b\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u4f2a\u9020\uff08\u9632\u8303\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f+\u9274\u522b\u6280\u672f\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u901a\u8fc7hashA\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u5bf9\u65b9\u6211\u7528\u7684hashA\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u9006\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u9006\u53d8\u6362\u89e3\u5bc6\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5bf9\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u516c\u94a5\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u94a5hashA\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u9006\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u77e5\u9053hashA\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u79c1\u94a5hashB\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u7b97\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u6362\u51fd\u6570hashA(X)\u5f97\u5230\u5bc6\u6587\uff0chashB(hashA(X))=X\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6362\u8fc7\u6765hashA(hashB(X))=X<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4eba\u5192\u5145\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u79c1\u94a5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6362\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9996\u5148\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u7167\u6b65\u9aa4\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u89e3\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u6765\u89e3\u5bc6\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u6587\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5192\u5145\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u88ab\u5192\u5145\u8005\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5206\u53d1\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5b57\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e2d\u5fc3CA\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u516c\u94a5\u6301\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u540e\u9881\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u516c\u94a5\u6301\u6709\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6301\u6709\u8005\u516c\u94a5\u4ee5\u53caCA\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cCA\u9881\u53d1\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528CA\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981(SHA-1\u6563\u5217\u503c)\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e00\u822c\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f20\u8f93\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7f51\u7edc\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u3002<br>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<br>\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b<br>\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u51fa\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1b<br>\u80fd\u5229\u7528NAT\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6362\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1b<br>\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u6388\u6743\uff1b<br>\u53ef\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u62a5\u8b66\uff1b<br>\u662f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55Internet\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4\"><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ef4\u62a4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u78c1\u76d8\u9635\u5217RAID\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u4f53\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7ec4\u6210\u9635\u5217\u66ff\u4ee3\u9020\u4ef7\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u5927\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c<br>\u540c\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u3002<br>\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5e76\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\uff1b<br>\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u955c\u50cf\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RAID 0\uff1a\u6761\u5e26\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RAID 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